Coverage | Out-of-Pocket | Indirect Costs Costs Continue To Increase Costs associated with the care of chronic conditions include: Direct costs paid by third parties, including private insurers, Medicare and Medicaid, and costs paid by other types of payers; Out-of-pocket costs directly related to professional care and prescription medications paid by patients and their families; Related costs not covered by any program, such as for home modifications, supplies and equipment, respite care; and Economic costs such as income lost because of illness, early death, or caregiving. Check out the National Institute for Health Care Management's issue brief on cost and prevalence by Dr. Gerard Anderson

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